relies on the proportion and diversity in the production of antibiotics. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity of Bacillus spp. mostly produce LPs from one family, while a few strains were identified as co-producers of different LPs. due to production of antibiotics ( Table 1). Numerous studies revealed a broad antimicrobial effect by Bacillus spp. Fengycins are useful in protecting plants against fungal pathogens. The fengycin family (fengycin, plipastatin, maltacin) are decapeptides of which production was detected in B. Iturins display inhibitory effects on a wide range of fungi, but are less active against bacteria. amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus circulans, B.

The iturin family (iturin, mycosubtilin, bacillomycin, bacillopeptins, mixirins, mojavensin, subtulene) consists of heptapeptides produced by B. Surfactins act as both antifungal and antibacterial agents. The surfactin family (surfactin, lichenysin, pumilacidin, halobacilin, bamilocyn) are heptapeptides, identified in B. These antibiotics consist of amino acids, amino- or hydroxyl-fatty acids with different lengths of hydrocarbon chains. are represented by surfactin, iturin and fengycin families. The most important cyclic LPs from Bacillus spp. However, Bacillus spp., which produce non-ribosomally synthesized lipopeptides and peptides, exhibit much stronger antimicrobial activity. Isolation and characterization of bacteriocins and BLSs may have an important use in the biological control of the pathogenic bacteria. Some reports identify bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like substances (BLSs) (amylolysin, amysin, subtilin, subtilosin A, subtilosin B, thuricin) isolated from various Bacillus spp., including B. exhibit a broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity. Nevertheless, due to the production of bacteriocins, Bacillus spp. The antimicrobial mechanisms of bacteriocins are usually directed against the species which are the same or closely related to the producers, with a narrow spectrum of action. Bacteriocins act against target cells by interfering with the synthesis of the cell wall or by forming pores in the cell membrane. Due to numerous factors that influence the successful application of Bacillus spp., it is necessary to understand how different strains function in biological control and plant growth promotion, and distinctly define the factors that contribute to their more efficient use in the field.īacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides produced by numerous bacteria which might be useful against pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Among different mechanisms of action, it remains unclear which individual or combined traits could be used as predictors in the selection of the best strains for crop productivity improvement. identified as potential biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters. Numerous studies of a wide range of plant species revealed a steady increase in the number of Bacillus spp. might be useful in formulating new preparations. Antagonistic and plant growth-promoting strains of Bacillus spp. promote plant growth via nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and phytohormone production. Besides being the most promising biocontrol agents, Bacillus spp. improve plant response to pathogen attack by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR).

Bacilli exhibit antagonistic activity by excreting extracellular metabolites such as antibiotics, cell wall hydrolases, and siderophores. produce a variety of compounds involved in the biocontrol of plant pathogens and promotion of plant growth, which makes them potential candidates for most agricultural and biotechnological applications.

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